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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is becoming increasingly common in adolescents and seriously affects their physical and mental health, and it is also a major risk factor for suicide among adolescents. NSSI has now become a public health issue of general concern; however, the identification of cognitive dysfunction in NSSI is still based on neuropsychological cognitive assessment and subjective questionnaire assessment, with a lack of objective evaluation indicators. As a method for studying the cognitive neural mechanism of NSSI, electroencephalography is a reliable tool for finding objective biomarkers of NSSI. This article reviews the recent research on electrophysiology associated with cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with NSSI.
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Humans , Adolescent , Self-Injurious Behavior , Cognitive Dysfunction , Electroencephalography , Neuropsychological Tests , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To assess the burden of clonorchiasis and identify its temporal and spatial changes in China, thus to provide insights into the control and prevention of the diseases. Methods The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) was employed as the primary indicator for the disease burden. The prevalence data of Clonorchis sinensis infection were obtainted from the three national surveys on important human parasitic diseases in China, conducting during the period from 1988 to 1922, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2014 to 2016, respectively, and the demographic data from National Bureau of Statistics of China. DALYs of clonorchiasis were calculated and the temporal changes were analyzed at both national and provincial levels, using the disability weight (DW) obtained from a community study in China. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to compare the resulted DALYs of China calculated under the method adopted in this study and that calculated with other commonly used methods. Results The national burden of clonorchiasis was 489174.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): (391648.87, 597509.87)] DALYs in China in 2016, indicating 0.36 [95% CI: (0.28, 0.43)] DALYs per 1 000 populations. The regions with a high burden of clonorchiasis were concentrated in southern China and northeastern China, and the provinces with the three highest burdens of clonorchiasis included Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province and Heilongjiang Province, which accounted for 91.18% of total burdens of clonorchiasis in China. During the periods of the three national surveys on important human parasitic diseases in China, the national burden of clonorchiasis was found to show a tendency of first rise and then decrease in China; however, the burden of clonorchiasis has recently shown a tendency towards a rise in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province and Jiangxi Province. Sensitivity analysis showed that the calculation of diseases burden with age-stratified prevalence of clonorchiasis was similar to that of our method without age stratification; however, the burden estimates calculated only based on the DW of the severe symptoms were much lower than our estimates. Conclusions The burden of clonorchiasis is high in China, with a large regional difference. Recently, the overall burden of clonorchiasis has shown a tendency of decline in China; however, there is a tendency towards a rise in some provinces. Therefore, the control of clonorchiasis requires more adaptations to local circumstances.
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Objective To investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of reported schistosomiasis cases in China from 2004 to 2017, so as to provide insights into the development of different schistosomiasis control strategies at various stages. Methods The monthly data of reported schistosomiasis cases at a provincial level of China from 2004 to 2017 were collected from the Public Health Science Data Center, and the spatial-temporal distribution of reported schistosomiasis cases was preliminarily identified using a descriptive statistical method. According to the goals at different stages proposed by the National Mid- and Long-term Program for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in China (2004—2015), a Bayesian interrupted time-series model was established to analyze the provincial reported incidence, time trend and seasonal variations of schistosomiasis in China at different stages. Results The reported schistosomiasis cases were mainly concentrated in 5 provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan and 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan in China from 2004 to 2017, and the number of reported cases in endemic areas decreased gradually. The incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases predominantly peaked during the period from May to September in the marshland and lake regions, while no regular seasonality was seen in hilly regions. Bayesian interrupted time-series analysis showed the peak incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases in 4 provinces of Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi between May and September and in Jiangsu Province from July to November; however, no regular seasonal cycle was identified in hilly regions. The number of reported schistosomiasis cases showed a tendency towards an increase in 2 provinces of Hubei and Hunan from 2008 to 2014, with a minor peak during the period between March and April, and since 2015, the seasonality was not remarkable any longer in 3 provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu and Jiangxi with a decline in the incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases, while the seasonality remained in Hubei Province. Conclusions The spatial-temporal characteristics of schistosomiasis in China, notably seasonality, vary at different control stages. Bayesian interrupted time-series model is effective to identify the spatial-temporal changes of schistosomiasis, and the schistosomiasis control strategy may be adjusted according to the spatial-temporal changes to improve the schistosomiasis control efficiency.
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Objective To describe the current situation of diarrhea in children under five years old in Nepal and to explore its influencing factors. Methods Data were collected from the open-access database, Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys in 2006, 2011 and 2016. Chi-square ( 2) and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare difference of potential risk factors between groups with and without diarrhea. Multiple Logistic regression model was adopted to identify significant influencing factors on diarrhea in children under five years old in Nepal. Results In 2006, 2011 and 2016, the incidence of diarrhea children under five in Nepal was 12.3%, 13.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis of the potential influencing factors showed that there were significant differences in the gender, water source, toilet facilities and fuel type, age of children, age of mother when she gave birth to the child and education years of mother and children with and without diarrhea (all P＜0.05). Multiple analysis revealed that improved toilet facilities (OR=0.874, 95% CI: 0.769-0.994, P=0.041) and the age of children(OR=0.613, 95% CI: 0.580-0.645, P＜0.001) were protective factors of childhood diarrhea, and the risk of boys was higher than that of girls(OR=1.277, 95% CI: 1.147-1.423, P＜0.001). Conclusions From 2006 to 2016, the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old in Nepal was decreasing. Toilet facilities, age of children and gender of children were identified as the influencing factors of childhood diarrhea.
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Objective: To discuss the clinical effect of Shugan Jieyu capsules combined with repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on depression during perimenopause and neuroendocrine function. Method: One hundred and thirty-two patients were divided into control groupand observation groupby random number table. Patients (65 cases) in observation group got sertraline hydrochloride tablets, 50 mg/time, 2 times/days. Patients (67 cases) in control group got Shugan Jieyu capsules after breakfast and dinner, 2 grains/time, and treatment of rTMS, 20 minutes/time, 1 time/day. And one course of treatment was 5 days, there were a 2-day interval between two courses. And there were a total of 4 courses in the two groups. Both groups were continuously treated for8 weeks. Degree of depression was evaluated by Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17). Before and after treatment, scores of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), quality index of sleep in Pittsburgh (PSQI), Kupperman and syndrome of kidney deficiency and stagnation of liver were graded. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), 5-serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindolyl acetic acid (5-HIAA) were detected, and the safety was evaluated. Result: According to the variance analysis of repeated measurements, after treatment, score of HAMD-17 decreased (Pth day after treatment, score of HAMD-17of observation groupwas lower than that in control group (PPχ2=6.405, Pχ2=5.304, PPConclusion: Shugan Jieyu capsules combined with repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation can ameliorate symptoms of depression and anxiety, havea bettereffect than Sertraline hydrochloride tablets, and can regulate levels of sex hormone and monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Objective To explore whether alcohol promotes the development of breast cancer in TA2 mice and the possible potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two 6-8-week old nulliparous female TA2 mice were randomly divided into control and ethanol-exposure groups, 16 mice in each group. The mice of the ethanol-exposure group were given 2%ethanol in drinking water, and the mice of control group received regular drinking water. Serum ethanol concentration in the TA2 mice was measured using an ANALOX AM1 alcohol analyzer. The incidence of breast cancer, tumor growth rate and tumor size of the ethanol-exposure and control groups were observed and compared. The estrogen levels of the two groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELASA) . Results Compared with the control group, the tumor for-mation rate of spontaneous breast cancer in the alcohol-exposure group was significantly increased (62. 5% vs. 43. 75%, P<0. 05), the average number of days of tumor formation was shortened (285 days vs. 335 days, P<0. 05), the tumor weight and volume were increased but not significant ( P>0. 05 ) , and the level of estrogen in the ethanol-exposure mice was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2 mice, which may be associated to the increase of estrogen levels.
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AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia on the aggressiveness of MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line , and the underlying mechanisms .METHODS: MCF-7 cells were cultured under hypoxia ( 1% O2 , 5%CO2 and 94%N2 ) or control (95%O2 and 5%CO2 ) condition.The viability, proliferation, and invasion and migration abilities of the MCF-7 cells were determined by MTT assay , CCK-8 assay, cell counting, and cell invasion and migration assays.Anchorage-independent growth and the alteration of cellular polarization of the MCF-7 cells were tested by soft agar colony formation assay and Matrigel-3D culture assay, respectively.The effects of chronic hypoxia on the growth and metas-tasis of MCF-7 cells in vivo were investigated by xenograft in nude mice .The morphological changes of the MCF-7 cells were observed under an inverted microscope .Hypoxia-induced alterations in the levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β( p-GSK-3β) as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) mol-ecules, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-3 and MMP-9, were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Chronic hypoxia significantly increased the viability , proliferation , and invasion and migration abilities of MCF-7 cells in vitro, enhanced the anchorage-independent growth , facilitated cellular polarization alteration in Matrigel-3D culture, and promoted cancer metastasis in vivo.Hypoxia up-regulated HIF-1, activated GSK-3β, down-regu-lated E-cadherin and increased the protein levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-3 and MMP-9.CONCLUSION:Chronic hypoxia enhances the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells probably through EMT .
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Objective To explore whether alcohol promotes the development of breast cancer in TA2 mice and the possible potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two 6-8-week old nulliparous female TA2 mice were randomly divided into control and ethanol-exposure groups, 16 mice in each group. The mice of the ethanol-exposure group were given 2%ethanol in drinking water, and the mice of control group received regular drinking water. Serum ethanol concentration in the TA2 mice was measured using an ANALOX AM1 alcohol analyzer. The incidence of breast cancer, tumor growth rate and tumor size of the ethanol-exposure and control groups were observed and compared. The estrogen levels of the two groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELASA) . Results Compared with the control group, the tumor for-mation rate of spontaneous breast cancer in the alcohol-exposure group was significantly increased (62. 5% vs. 43. 75%, P<0. 05), the average number of days of tumor formation was shortened (285 days vs. 335 days, P<0. 05), the tumor weight and volume were increased but not significant ( P>0. 05 ) , and the level of estrogen in the ethanol-exposure mice was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2 mice, which may be associated to the increase of estrogen levels.
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AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia on the aggressiveness of MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line , and the underlying mechanisms .METHODS: MCF-7 cells were cultured under hypoxia ( 1% O2 , 5%CO2 and 94%N2 ) or control (95%O2 and 5%CO2 ) condition.The viability, proliferation, and invasion and migration abilities of the MCF-7 cells were determined by MTT assay , CCK-8 assay, cell counting, and cell invasion and migration assays.Anchorage-independent growth and the alteration of cellular polarization of the MCF-7 cells were tested by soft agar colony formation assay and Matrigel-3D culture assay, respectively.The effects of chronic hypoxia on the growth and metas-tasis of MCF-7 cells in vivo were investigated by xenograft in nude mice .The morphological changes of the MCF-7 cells were observed under an inverted microscope .Hypoxia-induced alterations in the levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β( p-GSK-3β) as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) mol-ecules, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-3 and MMP-9, were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Chronic hypoxia significantly increased the viability , proliferation , and invasion and migration abilities of MCF-7 cells in vitro, enhanced the anchorage-independent growth , facilitated cellular polarization alteration in Matrigel-3D culture, and promoted cancer metastasis in vivo.Hypoxia up-regulated HIF-1, activated GSK-3β, down-regu-lated E-cadherin and increased the protein levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-3 and MMP-9.CONCLUSION:Chronic hypoxia enhances the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells probably through EMT .
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Purpose To discuss the clinical,histopathological characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder in children.Methods 6 cases of hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder were analyzed by molecular,histopathological and immunohistochemical testing.Clinical and follow-up information was obtained.The published relevant literatures were reviewed.Results 4 cases were boys,2 case were girls.All the patients presented with erythema and blisters with fever for 1 month to 4 years.Histopathologic examination showed an mild or moderate atypical lymphocytic infiltrate with angiotropism and angiocentricity,and scattered or dense lymphoid infiltration throughout the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Blisters or necrosis could be seen in the epidermis.The atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD2,CD3,CDS,CD7,CD43,TIA-1,CD4 or CD8,and negative for CD20,Pax-5.Only one case showed positive stain for CD56.The average positive rate of Ki67 in tumor cells was 42.3％.Tumor cells positive for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) were detected in cutaneous infiltrates in 5 cases.Gene rearrangement of TCR was detected in 2 cases.5 patients were available for follow-up examination and 1 patient was dead.Conclusion Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare disease mainly occuring in children.Chronic active EBV infection has been associated with this disease.It may be a spectrum in terms of its clinical course,and may be benign,borderline and malignant.Pathological diagnosis should be closely combined with clinical data.
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Aim To analyze the main components of effective fractions of Inula cappa in rat plasma with UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS technology and serum pharmacochemistry theory.Methods After gavage administration with Inula cappa extracts,blood was collected from abdominal aorta,and the protein in plasma sample was precipitated by methanol.Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD (2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 μm) was used,with 0.1％ formic acid agueous solution (A)-0.1％ formic acid and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution,and the flow rate was 0.3 mL ·min-1 Detected at negative ion mode,and with the help of Metabolite Tools software from Bruker Corporation,components in plasma were defined.Results A total of 16 compounds were identified,including 9 prototypes and 7 metabolites.Main metabolites were isomerization,methylation,glucuronidation and recombination of caffeoylquinic acid.Conclusions Therefore,our study has comprehensively expounded Inula cappa extracts' constituents migrating to rat plasma,and provided a reference for further studies for in vivo metabolic process and effective material base of Inula cappa.
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In recent years,the phospholipase A2 receptor in membranous nephropathy as an antigen has been confirmed,people have a new understanding of the mechanism of membranous nephropathy.Abundant clinical trials showed anti-PLA2R antibody in membranous nephropathy formed the important pathogenic mechanism,and it's related to disease activity,result and prognosis,it can also predict the process of disease remission,even can help make treatments for patients.This paper gathered some progress locally and abroad to describe the anti-PLA2R antibody's in function membranous nephropathy.
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Objective Epidemiological studies have suggested that alcohol drinking is closely associated with di-verse tumor development, but fewer laboratory studies or mechanism analysis is made. Our study aims to explore the effect of alcohol on the tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer in nude mice in vivo and on the malignant behavior in vitro, and whether it is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) . Methods We first established the nude mouse model of breast cancer with chronic alcohol consumption (2%) and to detect the effects of ethanol on tumor growth and metastasis. We also observed the changes of malignant biological behavior of EO771 cells in cell culture induced by chronic alcohol treatment (0. 2%) using MTT, Transwell and soft agar tests, and detect the expression of ROS and ERS marker, i. e. p?eIF2a, Bip, and XBP1?s. Results The in vivo experiment showed that alcohol drinking enhanced the growth and metasta?ses of breast cancer in nude mice. The in vitro test showed that chronic exposure to ethanol also promoted the cell prolifera?tion and migration ability, increased the ROS expression, activated ERS pathway, and enhanced the expression of p?eIF2a, Bip and XBP1?s. Conclusions Alcohol drinking may promote the malignant behavior of breast cancer cells through endo?plasmic reticulum stress.
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Nowadays, for gait instability phenomenon, many researches have been carried out at home and abroad. However, the relationship between plantar pressure and gait parameters in the process of balance adjustment is still unclear. This study describes the human body adaptive balance reaction during slip events on slippery level walk by plantar pressure and gait analysis. Ten healthy male subjects walked on a level path wearing shoes with two contrastive contaminants (dry, oil). The study collected and analyzed the change rule of spatiotemporal parameters, plantar pressure parameters, vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), etc. The results showed that the human body adaptive balance reaction during slip events on slippery level walk mainly included lighter touch at the heel strikes, tighter grip at the toe offs, a lower velocity, a shorter stride length and longer support time. These changes are used to maintain or recover body balance. These results would be able to explore new ideas and provide reference value for slip injury prevention, walking rehabilitation training design, research and development of walking assistive equipments, etc.
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Humans , Male , Adaptation, Physiological , Foot , Gait , Postural Balance , Physiology , Pressure , Reference Values , WalkingABSTRACT
The first metatarsophalangeal joint bending plays an important role in the foot movement. However, the existing researches mainly focused on the movement scope of the joint and the clinical treatments of related foot diseases. In order to investigate the effects of the first metatarsophalangeal joint bending on human walking gait stability, the present researchers recruited 6 healthy young men to perform the first metatarsophalangeal joint constraint (FMJC) and barefoot (BF) walking tests. Data of the temporal and spatial parameters, the joint angles of lower limbs, the ground reaction forces (GRF) and utilized coefficients of friction (UCOF) were collected and analyzed. The results showed that, since hip and knee could produce compensation motions, the FMJC had no significant effects on waking gait, but the slip and fall probability increased significantly.
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Humans , Male , Friction , Gait , Metatarsophalangeal Joint , Physiology , WalkingABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple subcutaneous insulin injection (MSII) in elderly patients with severe type 2 diabetes.Methods Thirty-seven elderly patients with severe type 2 diabetes in the hospital intensive care unit (ICU) were divided into observation group (19 cases) and control group (18 cases) by random number table method.The observation group was treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin recombinant human insulin lispro injection,and control group was treated with recombinant human insulin lispro injection before meals and at bedtime routine insulin glargine subcutaneous injection.Two groups of patients and their families were given diabetes education.Changes in blood glucose,insulin dosage,blood glucose control standard time,rate of hypoglycemia and hospitalization time between 2 groups before and after treatment were compared.Results After treatment,fasting blood glucose in observation group was (7.2 ± 1.2) mmol/L,2 hour postprandial blood glucose was (9.4 ± 1.2) mmol/L,bedtime blood glucose was (9.4 ± 1.3) mmol/L; which in control group was (8.5 ± 3.0),(10.0 ± 2.4),(10.2 ± 2.4)mmol/L respectively.Fasting blood glucose,2 hour postprandial blood glucose and bedtime blood glucose significantly decreased after treatment in two groups,but there was significant difference between 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Blood glucose control standard time in observation group was (5.4 ± 2.5) d,insulin dosage was (43 ± 9) U/d,in control group was (12.8 ± 3.8) d,(55 ± 10) U/d respectively,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Observation group had no hypoglycemia.Conclusion CSII for elderly patients with severe type 2 diabetes has better curative effect and security than MSII,and is more conducive to the control of blood glucose and the improvement of the condition.